Scholarly Publications
To see the data at work and to learn more about the trends and challenges faced by LGBTQI+ individuals, select any of the detailed, academic works below.
Annual Reports
Comprehensive analyses of the complete GBGR/GBTR/GBUR datasets.
Current Report
2025 F&M Global Barometers Annual Report
The 2025 Annual Report summarizes the latest findings and analyzes longitudinal trends on the F&M Global Barometer of Gay Rights (GBGR®) and on the F&M Global Barometer of Transgender Rights (GBTR™) between 2020 and 2022 at the regional, country, dimension, and indicator level. The report also introduces a new dataset, the F&M Global Barometer of Unified LGBT Rights (GBUR), a comprehensive measure of LGBT rights.
The data reveal that while progress was achieved on the institutional level and in civic spaces, violence against LGBT people and in advocacy spaces is increasing. The most-improved indicators on both the GBGR and the GBTR are in the De Facto Protections and LGBT Rights Advocacy dimensions; but the least-improved indicators on both the GBGR and the GBTR are those that track violence and safe assembly. From 2020 to 2022, 28 additional countries reported an act of violence against sexual orientation minorities, and 33 additional countries reported an act of violence against gender identity minorities.
Working Papers
Research reports geared toward policymakers.
The F&M Global Barometers Methodology: Quantifying LGBT+ Human Rights Protections Worldwide
Scholarly Articles
Academic works published in peer-reviewed journals.
Transgender rights are human rights: A cross-national comparison of transgender rights in 204 countries
